Flip book

A flip book is a series of pictures that gradually vary from page to page, so that when they are turned rapidly the pictures appear to be moving.They are a primative form of animation, they rely on persistance of vision to create an illusion of continuous motion.The first flip book was in September 1868 and was invented by JOhn Barnes Linnet.It was the first form of animation to employ a linear sequence of images. In 1895 Thomas Edison invented a mechanized flip book called the Mutoscope, which was mounted on a central rotating cylinder rather than a book.It appeared in coin operated machines in penny arcades and amusement parks.Henry William Short made a Filoscope which was a flip book in a metal holder to facilitate flipping.
Flip books are now considered as a childrens toy they became common prizes in cereal boxes, however, they have also been a promotional tool for adult products eg cigarettes. Vintage flip books can now be collected, and can be worth up to thousands of dollars when sold at auction.

Walt Disney

Born on December 5th 1901 in Chicago. He was 1 of 5 children. 4 boys and a girl. His father was called Elias Disney and his m other Flora Call Disney. Walt was then moved to Missouri where he lived for most of his childhood life. He studied art and photography at McKinley High School in Chicago and he also sold drawings to his neighbours for extra money. Walts encouragement came from his mother and his older brother Roy.
In 1918 Disney attemted to enlist for military service but was rejected as he was underage being only 16 at the time, so instead he joined the Red Cross and was sent to France. He spent a year driving an ambulance and chauffering Red Cross Officials. His ambulance was covered with Disney Cartoons. He studied a company called Laugh - o - grams. However it eventually fell bankrupt, so Walt then head off to Hollywood to start fresh. Walt eventually became a recognised Hollywood figure and he married one of his first employees Lillian Bounds on July 13th 1925. They then had 2 daughters called Dianne and Sharon.
In 1932 Walt gained his first studio's Academy Awards for his animation Flowers and trees.
December 21st 1937 Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs premiered in Los Angeles, it was the first full length animation musical feature. It cost $1,499,000 during the dpths of the depression. Over the next 5 years he released Pinnochio,Fantasia,Dumbo and Bambi. In 1955 the Disney Land amusement park opened.
Walt Disney is now known a s a legend and has produced many of the classic animation films that we all know and love, these films will most likely be passed on from generation to generation and will live on forever.

Dory and how she was made!!!!!

The development team of Pixar Animation Studios went to Hawaii and California to sketch and observe the types of fish that would be the characters. The shading department then created four different types of surface looks for the fish. Adam Summers, a professor in the Ecology and Evolution department at6 the University of California gave many lectures to the Pixar Team.

To make a film Pixar ........
1) Pitch an idea to other members of the development team.
2) The text treatment is written
3) Story Boards are drawn
4) Voice talent begins recording
5) Editorial begins making reals
6) The art department creates the lok and feel
7) Models are sculpted and articulated
8) The sets are dressed
9) The shots are layed out
10) The shot is animated
11) Sets and characters are shaded
12) Lighting completes the look
13) The computer data is rendered
14) Final touches are added

Pixar Animation Studios

The creative department is led by John Lasseter, he is an academy award winning director and animator of Toy Story, A Bugs Life and Toy Story 2. Pixar has built an entire creative team with highly skilled animators, a story department and an art department. They are responsible for creating, writing and animating all of Pixar's films. There is a Pixar University to train new and exiusting members how to be brilliant animators.
Pixar's headquarters are in Emeryville, California and has 775 employies. The president is Ed Catmull, the chairman and chief executive Steve Jobs, executive vice president and chief financial officer Simon Bax, executive vice president of creative John Lasseter and executive vice president and general counsel Lois Scali.

William Horner ( the zoetrope )

Invented in 1834 by William Horner, however he did not call it the zoetrope, he called it the "Daedalum" which means the wheel of the devil. it wasnt popular until the 1860's. It was the American developer William F. Lincoln named his toy the zeotrope meaning, wheel of life. Pictures were set around the bottom of a metal drum, the slits were cut in the upper part fo the drum and the drum was mounted on a spindle.

The Kinetoscope

Magic Lanterns used glass slides to project the images off of the slides, the images appeared to move with the use of levers. It was invented by Edison and Eadweard Muybridge. William Kennedy Laurie Dickson was given the task of inventing the Kinetoscope, this was because of his background as a photographer. People were then concerned of who should get the credit for inventing the Kinetoscope, most people argued that it was Dickson who made it and so he should get the credit for it.

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